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Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Preeclampsia occurs in 3‑5 % of pregnancies and results in substantial maternal and fetal or neonatal mortality and morbidity. Clinical manifestations can vary from mild to severe forms; preeclampsia is still one of the leading causes of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality.

Preeclampsia appears to be due to the release of angiogenic factors from the placenta that induces endothelial dysfunction. Serum levels of PlGF (placental growth factor) and sFlt‑1 (soluble fms‑like tyrosine kinase‑1, also known as soluble VEGF receptor‑1) are altered in women with preeclampsia. Moreover, circulating levels of PlGF and sFlt‑1 can discriminate normal pregnancy from preeclampsia even before clinical symptoms occur. In normal pregnancy, the pro‑angiogenic factor PlGF increases during the first two trimesters and decreases as pregnancy progresses to term. In contrast, levels of the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt‑1 remain stable during the early and middle stages of gestation and increase steadily until term. In women who develop preeclampsia, sFlt‑1 levels have been found to be higher and PlGF levels have been found to be lower than in normal pregnancy.

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Citations

1.Brown MA, Lindheimer MD, de Swiet M, et al. The classification and diagnosis of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: statement from the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP). Hypertens Pregnancy 2001;20(1):IX-XIV.

2.Uzan J, Carbonnel M, Piconne O, et al. Pre-eclampsia: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2011;7:467-474.